Chain surveying method in civil engineering, how to perform. The principle of chain surveying is to provide a skeleton framework of straight lines, which can be plotted to scale if the lengths of these lines are predetermined. Surveying has to do with the determination of the relative spatial location of points on or near the surface of the earth. This type of surveying is done for surveys of small extent to describe the boundaries of plot of land to locate the existing features on them. Scope of manual this manual, in general, covers divisionwide surveying policies and procedures and appropriate reference material. It is the main and longest line from which all measurements to demonstrate details of the work are taken. Aug 20, 2017 chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are taken in the field. This article includes the definition of chain survey along with all detailed information with necessary images about various aspects of chain surveying. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. Procedure of field work chain surveying, surveying and. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their. If distance to be measured between two survey stations is less than one chain then distance can be measured directly, but if the distance between two survey stations is greater than one chain length then ranging is done.
The principle of chain surveying is derived from principle of triangulation. Firstly revolve the telescope through 1800 in a vertical plane and. Procedure for surveying the given open field closed traverse. Conventional signs used in chain surveying and recording field notes in the field book. For chain surveying, at least two men are required, but frequently three people are employed.
Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of. Pdf supply chain management in the construction industry. To learnt the technique of unfolding and folding of a metric chain. This activity requires a minimum of four children in the active roles but works with groups of eight to. Viewer has to keep in mind that this video only shows the basics of chain surveying observation in field, it also. Chain surveying and linear measurements surveying youtube. Surveying lecture notes pdf difference between dumpy level and auto level.
Method of setting offset to the chain line chain surveying principles have so far been applied to areas of land with straight boundaries. Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the. Compass surveying principles use of prismatic compass, measurement of bearings, conversion of bearings, local attraction, correction of. Traverse, procedures of chain surveying, assignment help. This procedure varies with the experiment given to students.
The base line passes through the center of the field. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. Various types of obstacles we need to overcome in the process of. Reconnaissance survey reconnaissance survey is actually a preliminary step i. Stretch the chain in the field and drive pegs at 10m, 20m interval. Demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. Various article about different surveying issue are discussed here. Before starting survey work, the surveyor should walk over the whole area to be surveyed in order to examine the ground and determine the possible arrangement of framework of survey. This method is employed when during surveying the surveyor feels that some important details can be plotted easily by choosing any stations. Teacher notes and instructions for chain surveying activity. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and. Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them, and by preparing a map to any suitable scale. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. Chain survey surveying is a very old method of surveying.
This document is highly rated by agricultural engineering students and has been viewed 1460 times. Surveyors chain the early surveyors chain used the english length of 66 feet. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. The types of traverse and methods of traversing are. The basic concept of leveling involves the measurement of vertical distance relative to a horizontal line of sight. May 10, 2020 principle of chain surveying, surveying and levelling agricultural engineering notes edurev is made by best teachers of agricultural engineering.
The natural pace of each individual normally varies from 2. Nor is it a substitute for surveying knowledge, experience or judgment. Ce 104 practical surveying sessional lab manual ahsanullah. Measure all the chain based lines once in each direction using the direct measurement method. To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate the area of the open field. Set the theodolite at the zero and do the temporary adjustments. While 66 feet seems unusual, it was used to keep the early chains from being too long and.
The ends of each link are bent into a loop and connected together by means of three oval rings. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Following are the various types of chain in common use. If the ground is sloping, the horizontal distances are obtained either directly or indirectly. For less precise works chain is used whereas, for more accurate and precise work other types of surveys are used. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. There are two major types of stations in chain surveying. Keep the staff on the pegs and observe the corresponding staff intercepts with horizontal site. Surveying, level, leveling, civil engineering, site. Selection of the station, measurement of lines and taking offsets of different objects in the field reconnaissance. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil engineering. Main stations are the end of lines that determine the boundary of the surveying. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil.
Equipment used to find the area using chain surveying. Principal of chain surveying the principal of chain surveying is to divide the area into a number of triangles of suitable sides. Aug 03, 2018 the procedure for chain surveying is outlined below. Recent developments in surveying technology have made many methods obsolete. Survey of an area by chain surveyclosed traverse in this post, i am going to discuss about to survey an open field by chain surveying in order to calculate the area of the open field. Dec 02, 2015 follower holds the zero end of the chain and the leader fixes up an arrow at the end of one chain length.
Sep 09, 2016 demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. In this method thelengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured byoffsets and ties from these lines. Thus, in discipline, the measurements are taken only in the horizontal plane. Amongst the various methods of surveying, the commonly used method is called chain surveying. In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or theodolite are used to measure the direction of traverse lines. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of surveying in. Tie stations are points which are specified on the chain line main survey lines where it is required to identify interior details like buildings and fences. A chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. The link is made of galvanized mild steel wire 4 mm to 6mm diameter. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. Keeping the arrow in the same position, the leader pulls the chain for measuring the further distance. Levelling in engineering survey types, methods, procedures.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations. Chain surveying is the simplest method of surveying. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear. Generally a chain consists of 100 or 150 links each 300 mm or 200 mm length. Field work of chain survey should be carried out according to the following steps. When the magnetic needle is suspended freely and balanced properly, unaffected by magnetic substances, it indicates a direction. Remove the strap of the folded chain and take both the handles in the left hand and hold the remaining portion of the chain in the right hand. In surveying, for the purpose of plotting, only horizontal distances are required. Chain used for chain surveying each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain. Principle of chain surveying, surveying and levelling.
Write the names of the instruments used in chain surveying. As a triangles is the only simple plane of geometrical figure which can be plotted from the lengths of the three sides even if the angels are not known. Levelling is the most widely used method of obtaining the elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is usually carried out as a separate procedure to those used in fixing planimetric position. Chain surveying is suitable for small areas with few details. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful.
Chain surveying diagram quick ways to make money chicago. Technicians involved in surveying standardize their pace by walking over known distances on level, sloping, and uneven. The entire procedure for chain surveying can be divided into three major groups. The understanding of the fundamental chemical and physical processes involved in the formation of nitrogen oxides has increased considerably. A convenient relation between the pace and the foot is 40 paces approximately equal 100 ft. Make a reconnaissance of the area and select a suitable framework chain lines and stations based on the criterion given in note 1. Levelling levelling surveying, procedure,instrument. This document is highly rated by agricultural engineering students and has been viewed 10542 times. The length of the chain is measured from the outside of one handle to the outside of another handle. A traverse is a framework of survey lines obtained by connecting a series of survey lines in which the length and direction of survey lines are measured with the help of tape and angle measuring instrument. Compass surveying principles use of prismatic compass, measurement of.
May 12, 2020 procedure of field work chain surveying, surveying and levelling agricultural engineering notes edurev is made by best teachers of agricultural engineering. The length of chain is the distance between the outside of handles. Links of chain are made by mild steel wire 4mm diameter. Basic surveying manual michigan technological university.
Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. Chain surveying method in civil engineering, how to. The overall area to be surveyed is divided within framework of triangles of appropriate sizes. Method of locating or establishing intermediate points on a straight line between two fixed point or two survey stations is called as ranging. A traverse is a series of connected lines whose lengths and directions are to be measured and the process of surveying to find such measurements is known as traversing. Procedure for surveying the given open field closed traverse note. When the rear end of chain comes to the arrow fixed to the leader, the follower holds the rear end of handle at that point. Chain surveying procedure pdf ppt notes wiki environment method used to overcome a pond in chain surveying procedure pdf ppt notes. Changing face it is the operation of bringing the vertical circle to the right of the observer,if originally it is to the left, and vice versa. If the slope of the country is upto 3, it is generally taken as level ground. Instruments used in chain surveying iamcivilengineer. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. See more,chapter 27 levelling levelling is the art of determining the relative elevations of different objects or. It includes reconnaissance, selection of station, measurement of lines and.
The lines that join main stations are termed as chain line or main survey lines. The procedure for chain surveying is outlined below. Network of triangles is selected as these are simple geometrical figures that can be simply plotted along with the measurements of its sides only. Pdf key points on chain surveying araen shinge academia. Levelling or leveling is a branch of surveying, the object of which is. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. April 2004 figure 1 the three main types of levels. Instruments used in chain survey chain used for surveying. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their selection. The direct and indirect methods of finding horizontal distances on sloping ground. Line or plane passing through geographical north pole and geographical south pole magnetic meridian.
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